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+#+TITLE: Writing Beamer presentations in org-mode
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+#+AUTHOR: Eric S Fraga
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+#+EMAIL: e.fraga@ucl.ac.uk
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+#+DATE: 2010.04.12 10:42:43
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+#+DESCRIPTION:
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+#+KEYWORDS:
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+#+LANGUAGE: en
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+#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:t toc:t \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
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+#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:t skip:nil d:nil todo:t pri:nil tags:not-in-toc
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+#+INFOJS_OPT: view:nil toc:nil ltoc:t mouse:underline buttons:0 path:http://orgmode.org/org-info.js
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+#+EXPORT_SELECT_TAGS: export
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+#+EXPORT_EXCLUDE_TAGS: noexport
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+#+LINK_UP:
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+#+LINK_HOME:
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+
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+
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+* Introduction
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+
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+Beamer is a LaTeX package for writing presentations. This documents
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+presents a simple introduction to preparing beamer presentations using
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+[[http://orgmode.org/][org-mode]] in Emacs.
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+
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+This documents assumes that the reader is already acquainted with
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+org-mode itself and with *exporting* org-mode documents to LaTeX.
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+There are tutorials and references available for both org-mode itself
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+and for [[http://orgmode.org/manual/Exporting.html#Exporting][LaTeX exporting]]. The document also assumes that the reader
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+understands the notation for [[http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/Commands.html#Commands][Emacs keybindings]].
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+
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+* First steps
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+*** The export template
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+Starting with an empty file called =presentation.org= [fn:2: [[file:presentation.org][A
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+previously created example presentation]] is available.], say, the first
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+step is to insert the default org export template (=C-c C-e t= with
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+the default keybindings). This will generate something that looks
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+like this (some specific entries will vary):
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+
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+#+BEGIN_Example
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+,#+TITLE: Writing Beamer presentations in org-mode
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+,#+AUTHOR: Eric S Fraga
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+,#+EMAIL: e.fraga@ucl.ac.uk
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+,#+DATE: 2010-03-30 Tue
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+,#+DESCRIPTION:
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+,#+KEYWORDS:
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+,#+LANGUAGE: en
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+,#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:t toc:t \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
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+,#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:t skip:nil d:nil todo:t pri:nil tags:not-in-toc
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+,#+INFOJS_OPT: view:nil toc:nil ltoc:t mouse:underline buttons:0 path:http://orgmode.org/org-info.js
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+,#+EXPORT_SELECT_TAGS: export
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+,#+EXPORT_EXCLUDE_TAGS: noexport
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+,#+LINK_UP:
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+,#+LINK_HOME:
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+#+END_Example
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+
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+In this default template, you will want to modify, at the very least,
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+the title, as I have done, as this will be used as the title of your
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+presentation. It will often be useful to modify some of the LaTeX
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+export options, most commonly the =toc= option for generating a table
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+of contents. For this document, and the [[file:presentation.org][associated sample
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+presentation]], I have left all options as they are by default according
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+to the template.
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+*** Beamer specific settings
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+As well as the general options provided by the template, there are
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+Beamer specific options. The following options are what I use:
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+
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+#+BEGIN_Example
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+,#+startup: beamer
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+,#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
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+,#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [bigger]
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+#+END_Example
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+
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+The first line enables the Beamer specific commands for org-mode (more
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+on this below); the next two tell the LaTeX exporter to use the
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+Beamer class and to use the larger font settings[fn:1: I am a firm
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+believer in using the largest font possible to encourage less text on
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+slides. This is obviously a personal view.].
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+
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+The following line specifies how org headlines translate to the Beamer
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+document structure.
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+*** Outline levels for frames (slides)
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+#+BEGIN_Example
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+,#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 2
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+#+END_Example
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+
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+A Beamer presentation consists of a series of slides, called /frames/
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+in Beamer. If the option shown above has a value of 1, each top level
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+headline will be translated into a frame. Beamer, however, also makes
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+use of LaTeX sectioning to group frames. If this appeals, setting
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+the option to a value of 2 tells org to export second level headlines
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+as frames with top level headlines translating to sections.
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+*** Column view for slide and block customisation
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+The final line that is useful to specify to set up the presentation is
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+
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+#+BEGIN_Example
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+,#+COLUMNS: %40ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %9BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %10BEAMER_extra(Extra)
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+#+END_Example
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+
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+The purposes of this line is to specify the format for the special
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+interface that org-mode provides to control the layout of individual
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+slides. More on this below.
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+
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+Once all of the above has been set up, you are ready to write your
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+presentation.
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+
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+* The slides
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+
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+Each slide, or /frame/ in Beamer terminology, consists of a title and
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+the content. The title will be derived from the outline headline text
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+and the content will simply be the content that follows that
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+headline. A few example slides are presented below. These will only
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+cover the basic needs; for more complex examples and possible
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+customisations, I refer you to the [[http://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-beamer.php][detailed manual]].
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+
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+*** A simple slide
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+The simplest slide will consist of a title and some text. For instance,
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+
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+#+BEGIN_Example
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+,* Introduction
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+,** Overview
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+- org-mode template
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+- beamer structure
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+- beamer settings
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+#+END_Example
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+
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+defines a new section, /Introduction/, which has a slide with title
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+/Overview/ and a three item list. The result of this with the
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+settings defined above, mostly default settings, will generate a slide
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+that looks like this:
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+
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+#+caption: Simple slide exported from org to LaTeX using beamer
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+[[./a-simple-slide.png]]
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+
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+*** A more complex slide using blocks
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+
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+Beamer has the concept of block, a set of text that is logically
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+together but apart from the rest of the text there may be in a slide.
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+How blocks are presented will depend on the Beamer theme used
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+([[*Customisation][customisation in general]] and [[*Beamer%20theme][choosing the theme specifically]] are
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+described below).
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+
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+There are many types of blocks. The following
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+
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+#+BEGIN_Example
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+,** A more complex slide
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+This slide illustrates the use of Beamer blocks. The following text,
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+with its own headline, is displayed in a block:
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+,*** Org mode increases productivity :B_theorem:
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+ :PROPERTIES:
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+ :BEAMER_env: theorem
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+ :END:
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+ - org mode means not having to remember LaTeX commands.
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+ - it is based on ascii text which is inherently portable.
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+ - Emacs!
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+
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+ \hfill \(\qed\)
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+#+END_Example
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+
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+creates a slide that has a title (the headline text), a couple of
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+sentences in paragraph format and then a /theorem/ block (in which I
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+prove that org increases productivity). The theorem proof is a list
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+of points followed a bit of LaTeX code at the end to draw a fancy
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+/end of proof/ symbol right adjusted.
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+
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+You will see that there is an org properties /drawer/ that tells org
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+that the text under this headline is a block and it also specifies the
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+type of block. You do not have to enter this text directly yourself;
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+org-mode has a special beamer sub-mode which provides an easy to use
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+method for specifying block types (and columns as well, as we shall
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+[[*Column%20view%20for%20slide%20and%20block%20customisation][see in the next section]]).
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+
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+To specify the type of block, you can type =C-c C-b=. This brings up
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+a keyboard driven menu in which you type a single letter to select the
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+option you wish to apply to this headline. For the above example, I
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+typed =C-c C-b t=. The options selected in this manner are also shown
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+as /tags/ on the headline. However, note that the tag is for display
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+only and has no direct effect on the presentation. You cannot change
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+the behaviour by changing the tag; it is the property that controls
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+the behaviour.
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+
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+***** Slides with columns
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+
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+The previous section introduced the special access keys (=C-c C-b=)
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+for defining blocks. This same interface allows you to define
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+columns. A headline, as the text that follows it, can be in a block,
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+in a column, or both simutaneously. The =|= option will define a
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+column. The following
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+
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+#+BEGIN_Example
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+,** Two columns
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+
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+,*** A block :B_ignoreheading:BMCOL:
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+ :PROPERTIES:
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+ :BEAMER_env: ignoreheading
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+ :BEAMER_col: 0.4
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+ :END:
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+ - this slide consists of two columns
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+ - the first (left) column has no heading and consists of text
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+ - the second (right) column has an image and is enclosed in an
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+ @example@ block
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+
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+,*** A screenshot :BMCOL:B_example:
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+ :PROPERTIES:
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+ :BEAMER_col: 0.6
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+ :BEAMER_env: example
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+ :END:
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+, #+ATTR_LATEX: width=\textwidth
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+ [[./a-simple-slide.png]]
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+#+END_Example
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+
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+defines a two column slide. As the text in the slide says, the left
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+column is a list and the right one is an image. The left column's
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+headline text is ignored, specified by =C-c C-b i= which tells org to
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+*ignore* the headline text completely. The column on the right
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+however is placed with an /example/ block (whose appearance will
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+depend on the Beamer theme).
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+
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+The columns also have widths. By default, these widths are the
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+proportion of the page width to use so I have specified 40% for the
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+left column and 60% for the right one.
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+
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+The image in the right column is inserted by simply specifying a link
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+to the image file with not descriptive text. I have added an
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+attribute to the image to tell LaTeX to scale the image to the full
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+width of the column.
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+
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+* Customisation
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+
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+Org has a very large number of customisable aspects. Although
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+daunting at first, most options have defaults that are suitable for
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+most people using org initially. The same applies to the Beamer
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+export support. However, there are some options which many will soon
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+wish to change.
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+
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+*** Beamer theme
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+
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+Beamer has a large number of themes and I simply refer the reader to
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+the manual or the Web to find what themes are available and what they
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+look like. When you have chosen a theme, you can tell org to use it
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+but inserting some direct LaTeX code into the /preamble/ of the
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+document, the material that comes before the first headline. For
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+instance, adding this line
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+#+BEGIN_Example
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+,#+latex_header: \mode<beamer>{\usetheme{Madrid}}
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+#+END_Example
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+to the preamble after the beamer font size
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+option described above will produce a presentation that looks very
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+different from the default (with no other changes required!):
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+
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+#+caption: Two column slide with the Madrid Beamer theme
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+[[./two-column-slide-madrid-style.png]]
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+
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+*** Table of contents
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+
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+The default =toc:t= option generated by the [[*The%20export%20template][export template command]]
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+(=C-c C-e t=) indicates that a table of contents will be generated.
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+This will create a slide immediately after the title slide which will
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+have the list of sections in the beamer document. Please note that if
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+you want this type of functionality, you will have to specify the
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+=BEAMER-FRAME-LEVEL= to be 2 instead of 1 [[*Outline%20levels%20for%20frames%20slides][as indicated above]].
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+
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+Furthermore, if you have decided to use sections, it is possible to
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+have Beamer automatically place a table of contents slide before the
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+start of each section with the new section highlighted. This is
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+achieved by inserting the following LaTeX code, again in the
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+preamble:
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+#+BEGIN_Example
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+,#+latex_header: \AtBeginSection[]{\begin{frame}<beamer>\frametitle{Topic}\tableofcontents[currentsection]\end{frame}}
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+#+END_Example
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+
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+*** Column view for slide and block customisation
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+
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+In [[*Column%20view%20for%20slide%20and%20block%20customisation][an early section of this document]], I described a magical
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+incantation! This incantation defines the format for viewing org
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+property information in column mode. This mode allows you to easily
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+adjust the values of the properties for any headline in your
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+document. This image shows the type of information you can see at a
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+glance in this mode:
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+
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+#+caption: Column view of presentation showing special block environments and column widths.
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+[[./column-view.png]]
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+
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+We can see the various blocks that have been defined as well as any
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+columns (implicit by the presence of a column width). By moving to
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+any of these column entries displayed, values can be added, deleted or
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+changed easily. Please read [[http://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-beamer.php][the full org Beamer manual]] for details.
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+
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Bastien Guerry
