Merge branch 'backports-emacs-master' into maint

With this merge, the next release from maint targets the Emacs master
branch (27.1).

23 files changed, 158 insertions, 101 deletions

diff --git a/doc/org-manual.org b/doc/org-manual.org
index d432086..5a3f119 100644
--- a/doc/org-manual.org
+++ b/doc/org-manual.org
@@ -102,10 +102,8 @@ visited, i.e., where no Org built-in function have been loaded.
 Otherwise autoload Org functions will mess up the installation.
 #+end_quote
 
-Then, to make sure your Org configuration is taken into account,
-initialize the package system with =(package-initialize)= in your
-Emacs init file before setting any Org option.  If you want to use
-Org's package repository, check out the [[https://orgmode.org/elpa.html][Org ELPA page]].
+If you want to use Org's package repository, check out the [[https://orgmode.org/elpa.html][Org ELPA
+page]].
 
 *** Downloading Org as an archive
 :PROPERTIES:
diff --git a/lisp/ob-core.el b/lisp/ob-core.el
index ca29fee..3992686 100644
--- a/lisp/ob-core.el
+++ b/lisp/ob-core.el
@@ -2320,10 +2320,9 @@ INFO may provide the values of these header arguments (in the
 		       (lambda (r)
 			 ;; Non-nil when result R can be turned into
 			 ;; a table.
-			 (and (listp r)
-			      (null (cdr (last r)))
+                         (and (proper-list-p r)
 			      (cl-every
-			       (lambda (e) (or (atom e) (null (cdr (last e)))))
+                               (lambda (e) (or (atom e) (proper-list-p e)))
 			       result)))))
 		  ;; insert results based on type
 		  (cond
diff --git a/lisp/ob-eval.el b/lisp/ob-eval.el
index 0587851..8d5b7ed 100644
--- a/lisp/ob-eval.el
+++ b/lisp/ob-eval.el
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ function in various versions of Emacs.
       (delete-file input-file))
 
     (when (and error-file (file-exists-p error-file))
-      (when (< 0 (nth 7 (file-attributes error-file)))
+      (when (< 0 (file-attribute-size (file-attributes error-file)))
 	(with-current-buffer (get-buffer-create error-buffer)
 	  (let ((pos-from-end (- (point-max) (point))))
 	    (or (bobp)
diff --git a/lisp/org-agenda.el b/lisp/org-agenda.el
index b25a8e9..489ecec 100644
--- a/lisp/org-agenda.el
+++ b/lisp/org-agenda.el
@@ -1401,6 +1401,9 @@ current display in the agenda."
   :group 'org-agenda-daily/weekly
   :type 'plist)
 
+(defvaralias 'org-agenda-search-view-search-words-only
+  'org-agenda-search-view-always-boolean)
+
 (defcustom org-agenda-search-view-always-boolean nil
   "Non-nil means the search string is interpreted as individual parts.
 
@@ -1429,9 +1432,6 @@ boolean search."
   :version "24.1"
   :type 'boolean)
 
-(defvaralias 'org-agenda-search-view-search-words-only
-  'org-agenda-search-view-always-boolean)
-
 (defcustom org-agenda-search-view-force-full-words nil
   "Non-nil means, search words must be matches as complete words.
 When nil, they may also match part of a word."
@@ -1873,6 +1873,9 @@ Nil means don't hide any tags."
 	  (const  :tag "Hide none" nil)
 	  (string :tag "Regexp   ")))
 
+(defvaralias 'org-agenda-remove-tags-when-in-prefix
+  'org-agenda-remove-tags)
+
 (defcustom org-agenda-remove-tags nil
   "Non-nil means remove the tags from the headline copy in the agenda.
 When this is the symbol `prefix', only remove tags when
@@ -1883,8 +1886,7 @@ When this is the symbol `prefix', only remove tags when
 	  (const :tag "Never" nil)
 	  (const :tag "When prefix format contains %T" prefix)))
 
-(defvaralias 'org-agenda-remove-tags-when-in-prefix
-  'org-agenda-remove-tags)
+(defvaralias 'org-agenda-align-tags-to-column 'org-agenda-tags-column)
 
 (defcustom org-agenda-tags-column 'auto
   "Shift tags in agenda items to this column.
@@ -1902,8 +1904,6 @@ character screen."
   :package-version '(Org . "9.1")
   :version "26.1")
 
-(defvaralias 'org-agenda-align-tags-to-column 'org-agenda-tags-column)
-
 (defcustom org-agenda-fontify-priorities 'cookies
   "Non-nil means highlight low and high priorities in agenda.
 When t, the highest priority entries are bold, lowest priority italic.
@@ -2084,9 +2084,9 @@ evaluate to a string."
 
 ;;; Define the org-agenda-mode
 
+(defvaralias 'org-agenda-keymap 'org-agenda-mode-map)
 (defvar org-agenda-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap)
   "Keymap for `org-agenda-mode'.")
-(defvaralias 'org-agenda-keymap 'org-agenda-mode-map)
 
 (defvar org-agenda-menu) ; defined later in this file.
 (defvar org-agenda-restrict nil) ; defined later in this file.
@@ -2229,10 +2229,14 @@ The following commands are available:
   (add-hook 'post-command-hook 'org-agenda-update-agenda-type nil 'local)
   (add-hook 'pre-command-hook 'org-unhighlight nil 'local)
   ;; Make sure properties are removed when copying text
-  (add-hook 'filter-buffer-substring-functions
-	    (lambda (fun start end delete)
-	      (substring-no-properties (funcall fun start end delete)))
-	    nil t)
+  (if (boundp 'filter-buffer-substring-functions)
+      (add-hook 'filter-buffer-substring-functions
+		(lambda (fun start end delete)
+                  (substring-no-properties (funcall fun start end delete)))
+		nil t)
+    ;; Emacs >= 24.4.
+    (add-function :filter-return (local 'filter-buffer-substring-function)
+                  #'substring-no-properties))
   (unless org-agenda-keep-modes
     (setq org-agenda-follow-mode org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode
 	  org-agenda-entry-text-mode org-agenda-start-with-entry-text-mode
@@ -7014,15 +7018,15 @@ When TYPE is \"scheduled\", \"deadline\", \"timestamp\" or
 \"timestamp_ia\", compare within each of these type.  When TYPE
 is the empty string, compare all timestamps without respect of
 their type."
-  (let* ((def (if org-sort-agenda-notime-is-late most-positive-fixnum -1))
+  (let* ((def (and (not org-sort-agenda-notime-is-late) -1))
 	 (ta (or (and (string-match type (or (get-text-property 1 'type a) ""))
 		      (get-text-property 1 'ts-date a))
 		 def))
 	 (tb (or (and (string-match type (or (get-text-property 1 'type b) ""))
 		      (get-text-property 1 'ts-date b))
 		 def)))
-    (cond ((< ta tb) -1)
-	  ((< tb ta) +1))))
+    (cond ((if ta (and tb (< ta tb)) tb) -1)
+	  ((if tb (and ta (< tb ta)) ta) +1))))
 
 (defsubst org-cmp-habit-p (a b)
   "Compare the todo states of strings A and B."
@@ -10201,7 +10205,7 @@ to override `appt-message-warning-time'."
          ;; time and without date as argument, so it may pass wrong
          ;; information otherwise
          (today (org-date-to-gregorian
-                 (time-to-days (current-time))))
+                 (time-to-days nil)))
          (org-agenda-restrict nil)
          (files (org-agenda-files 'unrestricted)) entries file
          (org-agenda-buffer nil))
diff --git a/lisp/org-attach.el b/lisp/org-attach.el
index df06292..15ce65e 100644
--- a/lisp/org-attach.el
+++ b/lisp/org-attach.el
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ This checks for the existence of a \".git\" directory in that directory."
                   (shell-command-to-string
                    "git ls-files -zmo --exclude-standard") "\0" t))
           (if (and use-annex
-                   (>= (nth 7 (file-attributes new-or-modified))
+                   (>= (file-attribute-size (file-attributes new-or-modified))
                        org-attach-git-annex-cutoff))
               (call-process "git" nil nil nil "annex" "add" new-or-modified)
             (call-process "git" nil nil nil "add" new-or-modified))
diff --git a/lisp/org-clock.el b/lisp/org-clock.el
index 2c1bf02..c21451b 100644
--- a/lisp/org-clock.el
+++ b/lisp/org-clock.el
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ CLOCK is a cons cell of the form (MARKER START-TIME)."
 	 (org-clock-clock-out clock fail-quietly))
 	((org-is-active-clock clock) nil)
 	(t (org-clock-clock-in clock t))))
-      ((pred (time-less-p (current-time)))
+      ((pred (time-less-p nil))
        (error "RESOLVE-TO must refer to a time in the past"))
       (_
        (when restart (error "RESTART is not valid here"))
@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ to be CLOCKED OUT."))))
 		(and (not (memq char-pressed '(?i ?q))) char-pressed)))))
 	 (default
 	   (floor (/ (float-time
-		      (time-subtract (current-time) last-valid)) 60)))
+		      (time-subtract nil last-valid)) 60)))
 	 (keep
 	  (and (memq ch '(?k ?K))
 	       (read-number "Keep how many minutes? " default)))
@@ -1080,8 +1080,7 @@ to be CLOCKED OUT."))))
 	      (keep
 	       (time-add last-valid (seconds-to-time (* 60 keep))))
 	      (gotback
-	       (time-subtract (current-time)
-			      (seconds-to-time (* 60 gotback))))
+	       (time-subtract nil (seconds-to-time (* 60 gotback))))
 	      (t
 	       (error "Unexpected, please report this as a bug")))
        (and gotback last-valid)
@@ -1163,7 +1162,7 @@ so long."
 	     org-clock-marker (marker-buffer org-clock-marker))
     (let* ((org-clock-user-idle-seconds (org-user-idle-seconds))
 	   (org-clock-user-idle-start
-	    (time-subtract (current-time)
+	    (time-subtract nil
 			   (seconds-to-time org-clock-user-idle-seconds)))
 	   (org-clock-resolving-clocks-due-to-idleness t))
       (if (> org-clock-user-idle-seconds (* 60 org-clock-idle-time))
@@ -1173,8 +1172,7 @@ so long."
 	   (lambda (_)
 	     (format "Clocked in & idle for %.1f mins"
 		     (/ (float-time
-			 (time-subtract (current-time)
-					org-clock-user-idle-start))
+			 (time-subtract nil org-clock-user-idle-start))
 			60.0)))
 	   org-clock-user-idle-start)))))
 
diff --git a/lisp/org-colview.el b/lisp/org-colview.el
index a0209a4..5676f38 100644
--- a/lisp/org-colview.el
+++ b/lisp/org-colview.el
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ Where possible, use the standard interface for changing this line."
 	 (eol (line-end-position))
 	 (pom (or (get-text-property bol 'org-hd-marker) (point)))
 	 (key (or key (get-char-property (point) 'org-columns-key)))
-	 (org-columns--time (float-time (current-time)))
+	 (org-columns--time (float-time))
 	 (action
 	  (pcase key
 	    ("CLOCKSUM"
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ When COLUMNS-FMT-STRING is non-nil, use it as the column format."
     (org-columns-goto-top-level)
     ;; Initialize `org-columns-current-fmt' and
     ;; `org-columns-current-fmt-compiled'.
-    (let ((org-columns--time (float-time (current-time))))
+    (let ((org-columns--time (float-time)))
       (org-columns-get-format columns-fmt-string)
       (unless org-columns-inhibit-recalculation (org-columns-compute-all))
       (save-restriction
@@ -1224,6 +1224,9 @@ column specification."
   "Compute all columns that have operators defined."
   (with-silent-modifications
     (remove-text-properties (point-min) (point-max) '(org-summaries t)))
+  ;; Pass `current-time' result to `float-time' (instead of calling
+  ;; without arguments) so that only `current-time' has to be
+  ;; overridden in tests.
   (let ((org-columns--time (float-time (current-time)))
 	seen)
     (dolist (spec org-columns-current-fmt-compiled)
@@ -1560,7 +1563,7 @@ PARAMS is a property list of parameters:
   (if (markerp org-columns-begin-marker)
       (move-marker org-columns-begin-marker (point))
     (setq org-columns-begin-marker (point-marker)))
-  (let* ((org-columns--time (float-time (current-time)))
+  (let* ((org-columns--time (float-time))
 	 (fmt
 	  (cond
 	   ((bound-and-true-p org-agenda-overriding-columns-format))
diff --git a/lisp/org-compat.el b/lisp/org-compat.el
index b47b4cc..e3fbed7 100644
--- a/lisp/org-compat.el
+++ b/lisp/org-compat.el
@@ -74,6 +74,13 @@
   ;; The misspelled variant was made obsolete in Emacs 27.1
   (defalias 'pcomplete-uniquify-list 'pcomplete-uniqify-list))
 
+(defun org-current-time-as-list ()
+  "Compatibility wrapper for `current-time'.
+As of Emacs 27.1, `current-time' callers should not assume a list
+return value."
+  (or (ignore-errors (encode-time nil 'list))
+      (current-time)))
+
 
 ;;; Emacs < 26.1 compatibility
 
@@ -81,6 +88,20 @@
     (defalias 'org-line-number-display-width 'line-number-display-width)
   (defun org-line-number-display-width (&rest _) 0))
 
+(unless (fboundp 'file-attribute-modification-time)
+  (defsubst file-attribute-modification-time (attributes)
+    "The modification time in ATTRIBUTES returned by `file-attributes'.
+This is the time of the last change to the file's contents, and
+is a list of integers (HIGH LOW USEC PSEC) in the same style
+as (current-time)."
+    (nth 5 attributes)))
+
+(unless (fboundp 'file-attribute-size)
+  (defsubst file-attribute-size (attributes)
+    "The size (in bytes) in ATTRIBUTES returned by `file-attributes'.
+This is a floating point number if the size is too large for an integer."
+    (nth 7 attributes)))
+
 
 ;;; Emacs < 25.1 compatibility
 
@@ -598,6 +619,15 @@ attention to case differences."
            (eq t (compare-strings suffix nil nil
                                   string start-pos nil ignore-case))))))
 
+(unless (fboundp 'proper-list-p)
+  ;; `proper-list-p' was added in Emacs 27.1.  The function below is
+  ;; taken from Emacs subr.el 200195e824b^.
+  (defun proper-list-p (object)
+    "Return OBJECT's length if it is a proper list, nil otherwise.
+A proper list is neither circular nor dotted (i.e., its last cdr
+is nil)."
+    (and (listp object) (ignore-errors (length object)))))
+
 
 ;;; Integration with and fixes for other packages
 
diff --git a/lisp/org-ctags.el b/lisp/org-ctags.el
index 7dc8dd5..111be37 100644
--- a/lisp/org-ctags.el
+++ b/lisp/org-ctags.el
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@
 
 ;;; Code:
 
+(eval-when-compile (require 'cl-lib))
 (require 'org)
 
 (defgroup org-ctags nil
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ buffer position where the tag is found."
       (with-current-buffer (get-file-buffer tags-file-name)
         (goto-char (point-min))
         (cond
-         ((re-search-forward (format "^.*%s
\\([0-9]+\\),\\([0-9]+\\)$"
+         ((re-search-forward (format "^.*\^?%s\^A\\([0-9]+\\),\\([0-9]+\\)$"
                                      (regexp-quote tag)) nil t)
           (let ((line (string-to-number (match-string 1)))
                 (pos (string-to-number (match-string 2))))
@@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ Return the list."
       (visit-tags-table-buffer 'same)
       (with-current-buffer (get-file-buffer tags-file-name)
         (goto-char (point-min))
-        (while (re-search-forward "^.*\\(.*\\)
\\([0-9]+\\),\\([0-9]+\\)$"
+        (while (re-search-forward "^.*\^?\\(.*\\)\^A\\([0-9]+\\),\\([0-9]+\\)$"
                                   nil t)
           (push (substring-no-properties (match-string 1)) taglist)))
       taglist)))
diff --git a/lisp/org-element.el b/lisp/org-element.el
index 0a11570..8d16aa5 100644
--- a/lisp/org-element.el
+++ b/lisp/org-element.el
@@ -4906,7 +4906,7 @@ table is cleared once the synchronization is complete."
 (defun org-element--cache-generate-key (lower upper)
   "Generate a key between LOWER and UPPER.
 
-LOWER and UPPER are integers or lists, possibly empty.
+LOWER and UPPER are fixnums or lists of same, possibly empty.
 
 If LOWER and UPPER are equals, return LOWER.  Otherwise, return
 a unique key, as an integer or a list of integers, according to
@@ -5114,7 +5114,7 @@ Assume ELEMENT belongs to cache and that a cache is active."
 TIME-LIMIT is a time value or nil."
   (and time-limit
        (or (input-pending-p)
-	   (time-less-p time-limit (current-time)))))
+	   (time-less-p time-limit nil))))
 
 (defsubst org-element--cache-shift-positions (element offset &optional props)
   "Shift ELEMENT properties relative to buffer positions by OFFSET.
@@ -5168,7 +5168,7 @@ updated before current modification are actually submitted."
 	     (and next (aref next 0))
 	     threshold
 	     (and (not threshold)
-		  (time-add (current-time)
+		  (time-add nil
 			    org-element-cache-sync-duration))
 	     future-change)
 	    ;; Request processed.  Merge current and next offsets and
diff --git a/lisp/org-footnote.el b/lisp/org-footnote.el
index 7147a31..4a296b1 100644
--- a/lisp/org-footnote.el
+++ b/lisp/org-footnote.el
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ or new, let the user edit the definition of the footnote."
   (let* ((all (org-footnote-all-labels))
 	 (label
 	  (if (eq org-footnote-auto-label 'random)
-	      (format "%x" (random most-positive-fixnum))
+	      (format "%x" (abs (random)))
 	    (org-footnote-normalize-label
 	     (let ((propose (org-footnote-unique-label all)))
 	       (if (eq org-footnote-auto-label t) propose
diff --git a/lisp/org-habit.el b/lisp/org-habit.el
index 06429d7..d19075d 100644
--- a/lisp/org-habit.el
+++ b/lisp/org-habit.el
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ Habits are assigned colors on the following basis:
 	 (deadline (if scheduled-days
 		       (+ scheduled-days (- d-repeat s-repeat))
 		     (org-habit-deadline habit)))
-	 (m-days (or now-days (time-to-days (current-time)))))
+	 (m-days (or now-days (time-to-days nil))))
     (cond
      ((< m-days scheduled)
       '(org-habit-clear-face . org-habit-clear-future-face))
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ current time."
   "Insert consistency graph for any habitual tasks."
   (let ((inhibit-read-only t)
 	(buffer-invisibility-spec '(org-link))
-	(moment (time-subtract (current-time)
+	(moment (time-subtract nil
 			       (list 0 (* 3600 org-extend-today-until) 0))))
     (save-excursion
       (goto-char (if line (point-at-bol) (point-min)))
diff --git a/lisp/org-id.el b/lisp/org-id.el
index bbf761c..f4c737f 100644
--- a/lisp/org-id.el
+++ b/lisp/org-id.el
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ So a typical ID could look like \"Org:4nd91V40HI\"."
   "Return string with random (version 4) UUID."
   (let ((rnd (md5 (format "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s"
 			  (random)
-			  (current-time)
+			  (org-current-time-as-list)
 			  (user-uid)
 			  (emacs-pid)
 			  (user-full-name)
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ The input I may be a character, or a single-letter string."
   "Encode TIME as a 10-digit string.
 This string holds the time to micro-second accuracy, and can be decoded
 using `org-id-decode'."
-  (setq time (or time (current-time)))
+  (setq time (or time (org-current-time-as-list)))
   (concat (org-id-int-to-b36 (nth 0 time) 4)
 	  (org-id-int-to-b36 (nth 1 time) 4)
 	  (org-id-int-to-b36 (or (nth 2 time) 0) 4)))
diff --git a/lisp/org-indent.el b/lisp/org-indent.el
index ecdac54..650a62f 100644
--- a/lisp/org-indent.el
+++ b/lisp/org-indent.el
@@ -184,11 +184,15 @@ during idle time."
 		  org-hide-leading-stars)
       (setq-local org-hide-leading-stars t))
     (org-indent--compute-prefixes)
-    (add-hook 'filter-buffer-substring-functions
-	      (lambda (fun start end delete)
-		(org-indent-remove-properties-from-string
-		 (funcall fun start end delete)))
-	      nil t)
+    (if (boundp 'filter-buffer-substring-functions)
+	(add-hook 'filter-buffer-substring-functions
+		  (lambda (fun start end delete)
+		    (org-indent-remove-properties-from-string
+		     (funcall fun start end delete)))
+		  nil t)
+      ;; Emacs >= 24.4.
+      (add-function :filter-return (local 'filter-buffer-substring-function)
+		    #'org-indent-remove-properties-from-string))
     (add-hook 'after-change-functions 'org-indent-refresh-maybe nil 'local)
     (add-hook 'before-change-functions
 	      'org-indent-notify-modified-headline nil 'local)
@@ -212,10 +216,13 @@ during idle time."
     (when (boundp 'org-hide-leading-stars-before-indent-mode)
       (setq-local org-hide-leading-stars
 		  org-hide-leading-stars-before-indent-mode))
-    (remove-hook 'filter-buffer-substring-functions
-		 (lambda (fun start end delete)
-		   (org-indent-remove-properties-from-string
-		    (funcall fun start end delete))))
+    (if (boundp 'filter-buffer-substring-functions)
+	(remove-hook 'filter-buffer-substring-functions
+		     (lambda (fun start end delete)
+		       (org-indent-remove-properties-from-string
+			(funcall fun start end delete))))
+      (remove-function (local 'filter-buffer-substring-function)
+		       #'org-indent-remove-properties-from-string))
     (remove-hook 'after-change-functions 'org-indent-refresh-maybe 'local)
     (remove-hook 'before-change-functions
 		 'org-indent-notify-modified-headline 'local)
@@ -326,7 +333,7 @@ stopped."
      (let* ((case-fold-search t)
 	    (limited-re (org-get-limited-outline-regexp))
 	    (level (or (org-current-level) 0))
-	    (time-limit (and delay (time-add (current-time) delay))))
+	    (time-limit (and delay (time-add nil delay))))
        ;; For each line, set `line-prefix' and `wrap-prefix'
        ;; properties depending on the type of line (headline, inline
        ;; task, item or other).
@@ -339,7 +346,7 @@ stopped."
 	    ;; In asynchronous mode, take a break of
 	    ;; `org-indent-agent-resume-delay' every DELAY to avoid
 	    ;; blocking any other idle timer or process output.
-	    ((and delay (time-less-p time-limit (current-time)))
+	    ((and delay (time-less-p time-limit nil))
 	     (setq org-indent-agent-resume-timer
 		   (run-with-idle-timer
 		    (time-add (current-idle-time) org-indent-agent-resume-delay)
diff --git a/lisp/org-macro.el b/lisp/org-macro.el
index 164a415..c14703c 100644
--- a/lisp/org-macro.el
+++ b/lisp/org-macro.el
@@ -158,7 +158,8 @@ a file, \"input-file\" and \"modification-time\"."
                      '%s)))"
 			    (prin1-to-string visited-file)
 			    (prin1-to-string
-			     (nth 5 (file-attributes visited-file))))))))
+			     (file-attribute-modification-time
+			      (file-attributes visited-file))))))))
 	 ;; Install built-in macros.
 	 (list
 	  '("n" . "(eval (org-macro--counter-increment $1 $2))")
diff --git a/lisp/org-macs.el b/lisp/org-macs.el
index 0653f6a..d3e5932 100644
--- a/lisp/org-macs.el
+++ b/lisp/org-macs.el
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 
 ;;; Code:
 
+(require 'cl-lib)
 (require 'format-spec)
 
 (declare-function org-string-collate-lessp "org-compat" (s1 s2 &optional locale ignore-case))
diff --git a/lisp/org-protocol.el b/lisp/org-protocol.el
index d20c66f..9245aa0 100644
--- a/lisp/org-protocol.el
+++ b/lisp/org-protocol.el
@@ -350,17 +350,20 @@ returned list."
 	  ret)
       l)))
 
-(defun org-protocol-flatten (list)
-  "Transform LIST into a flat list.
+(defalias 'org-protocol-flatten
+  (if (fboundp 'flatten-tree) 'flatten-tree
+    (lambda (list)
+      "Transform LIST into a flat list.
 
 Greedy handlers might receive a list like this from emacsclient:
 \((\"/dir/org-protocol:/greedy:/~/path1\" (23 . 12)) (\"/dir/param\"))
 where \"/dir/\" is the absolute path to emacsclients working directory.
 This function transforms it into a flat list."
-  (if (null list) ()
-    (if (listp list)
-	(append (org-protocol-flatten (car list)) (org-protocol-flatten (cdr list)))
-      (list list))))
+      (if list
+	  (if (consp list)
+	      (append (org-protocol-flatten (car list))
+		      (org-protocol-flatten (cdr list)))
+	    (list list))))))
 
 (defun org-protocol-parse-parameters (info &optional new-style default-order)
   "Return a property list of parameters from INFO.
diff --git a/lisp/org-timer.el b/lisp/org-timer.el
index 400ff02..d0e6257 100644
--- a/lisp/org-timer.el
+++ b/lisp/org-timer.el
@@ -163,6 +163,9 @@ With prefix arg STOP, stop it entirely."
    (org-timer-pause-time
     (let ((start-secs (float-time org-timer-start-time))
 	  (pause-secs (float-time org-timer-pause-time)))
+      ;; Note: We pass the result of `current-time' to `time-add' and
+      ;; `float-time' below so that we can easily override the value
+      ;; in tests.
       (if org-timer-countdown-timer
 	  (let ((new-secs (- start-secs pause-secs)))
 	    (setq org-timer-countdown-timer
@@ -171,9 +174,6 @@ With prefix arg STOP, stop it entirely."
 	    (setq org-timer-start-time
 		  (time-add (current-time) (seconds-to-time new-secs))))
 	(setq org-timer-start-time
-	      ;; Pass `current-time' result to `float-time' (instead
-	      ;; of calling without arguments) so that only
-	      ;; `current-time' has to be overridden in tests.
 	      (seconds-to-time (- (float-time (current-time))
 				  (- pause-secs start-secs)))))
       (setq org-timer-pause-time nil)
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ VALUE can be `on', `off', or `paused'."
       (message "No timer set")
     (let* ((rtime (decode-time
 		   (time-subtract (timer--time org-timer-countdown-timer)
-				  (current-time))))
+				  nil)))
 	   (rsecs (nth 0 rtime))
 	   (rmins (nth 1 rtime)))
       (message "%d minute(s) %d seconds left before next time out"
@@ -465,6 +465,8 @@ using three `C-u' prefix arguments."
 		(org-timer--run-countdown-timer
 		 secs org-timer-countdown-timer-title))
 	  (run-hooks 'org-timer-set-hook)
+	  ;; Pass `current-time' result to `add-time' (instead nil) so
+	  ;; that only `current-time' has to be overridden in tests.
 	  (setq org-timer-start-time
 		(time-add (current-time) (seconds-to-time secs)))
 	  (setq org-timer-pause-time nil)
diff --git a/lisp/org.el b/lisp/org.el
index 5be3953..354f437 100644
--- a/lisp/org.el
+++ b/lisp/org.el
@@ -252,9 +252,10 @@ file to byte-code before it is loaded."
   (interactive "fFile to load: \nP")
   (let* ((age (lambda (file)
 		(float-time
-		 (time-subtract (current-time)
-				(nth 5 (or (file-attributes (file-truename file))
-					   (file-attributes file)))))))
+		 (time-subtract nil
+				(file-attribute-modification-time
+				 (or (file-attributes (file-truename file))
+				     (file-attributes file)))))))
 	 (base-name (file-name-sans-extension file))
 	 (exported-file (concat base-name ".el")))
     ;; tangle if the Org file is newer than the elisp file
@@ -1119,6 +1120,8 @@ has been set."
   :group 'org-startup
   :type 'boolean)
 
+(defvaralias 'org-CUA-compatible 'org-replace-disputed-keys)
+
 (defcustom org-replace-disputed-keys nil
   "Non-nil means use alternative key bindings for some keys.
 
@@ -1143,8 +1146,6 @@ loading Org."
   :group 'org-startup
   :type 'boolean)
 
-(defvaralias 'org-CUA-compatible 'org-replace-disputed-keys)
-
 (defcustom org-disputed-keys
   '(([(shift up)]		. [(meta p)])
     ([(shift down)]		. [(meta n)])
@@ -1538,6 +1539,8 @@ time in Emacs."
   :type 'boolean
   :safe #'booleanp)
 
+(defvaralias 'org-special-ctrl-a 'org-special-ctrl-a/e)
+
 (defcustom org-special-ctrl-a/e nil
   "Non-nil means `C-a' and `C-e' behave specially in headlines and items.
 
@@ -1575,7 +1578,6 @@ This may also be a cons cell where the behavior for `C-a' and
 			(const :tag "off" nil)
 			(const :tag "on: before tags first" t)
 			(const :tag "reversed: after tags first" reversed)))))
-(defvaralias 'org-special-ctrl-a 'org-special-ctrl-a/e)
 
 (defcustom org-special-ctrl-k nil
   "Non-nil means `C-k' will behave specially in headlines.
@@ -3019,6 +3021,8 @@ because Agenda Log mode depends on the format of these entries."
 (unless (assq 'note org-log-note-headings)
   (push '(note . "%t") org-log-note-headings))
 
+(defvaralias 'org-log-state-notes-into-drawer 'org-log-into-drawer)
+
 (defcustom org-log-into-drawer nil
   "Non-nil means insert state change notes and time stamps into a drawer.
 When nil, state changes notes will be inserted after the headline and
@@ -3050,8 +3054,6 @@ function `org-log-into-drawer' instead."
 	  (const :tag "LOGBOOK" t)
 	  (string :tag "Other")))
 
-(defvaralias 'org-log-state-notes-into-drawer 'org-log-into-drawer)
-
 (defun org-log-into-drawer ()
   "Name of the log drawer, as a string, or nil.
 This is the value of `org-log-into-drawer'.  However, if the
@@ -3360,6 +3362,9 @@ This display will be in an overlay, in the minibuffer."
   :group 'org-time
   :type 'boolean)
 
+(defvaralias 'org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt
+  'org-read-date-popup-calendar)
+
 (defcustom org-read-date-popup-calendar t
   "Non-nil means pop up a calendar when prompting for a date.
 In the calendar, the date can be selected with mouse-1.  However, the
@@ -3367,8 +3372,6 @@ minibuffer will also be active, and you can simply enter the date as well.
 When nil, only the minibuffer will be available."
   :group 'org-time
   :type 'boolean)
-(defvaralias 'org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt
-  'org-read-date-popup-calendar)
 
 (defcustom org-extend-today-until 0
   "The hour when your day really ends.  Must be an integer.
@@ -3816,6 +3819,9 @@ regular expression will be included."
   :group 'org-agenda
   :type 'regexp)
 
+(defvaralias 'org-agenda-multi-occur-extra-files
+  'org-agenda-text-search-extra-files)
+
 (defcustom org-agenda-text-search-extra-files nil
   "List of extra files to be searched by text search commands.
 These files will be searched in addition to the agenda files by the
@@ -3833,9 +3839,6 @@ scope."
 	      (const :tag "Agenda Archives" agenda-archives)
 	      (repeat :inline t (file))))
 
-(defvaralias 'org-agenda-multi-occur-extra-files
-  'org-agenda-text-search-extra-files)
-
 (defcustom org-agenda-skip-unavailable-files nil
   "Non-nil means to just skip non-reachable files in `org-agenda-files'.
 A nil value means to remove them, after a query, from the list."
@@ -5637,15 +5640,14 @@ the rounding returns a past time."
 	    (apply 'encode-time
 		   (append (list 0 (* r (floor (+ .5 (/ (float (nth 1 time)) r)))))
 			   (nthcdr 2 time))))
-      (if (and past (< (float-time (time-subtract (current-time) res)) 0))
+      (if (and past (< (float-time (time-subtract nil res)) 0))
 	  (seconds-to-time (- (float-time res) (* r 60)))
 	res))))
 
 (defun org-today ()
   "Return today date, considering `org-extend-today-until'."
   (time-to-days
-   (time-subtract (current-time)
-		  (list 0 (* 3600 org-extend-today-until) 0))))
+   (time-subtract nil (list 0 (* 3600 org-extend-today-until) 0))))
 
 ;;;; Font-Lock stuff, including the activators
 
@@ -9642,7 +9644,7 @@ Note: this function also decodes single byte encodings like
 		  (cons 6 128))))
 	  (when (>= val 192) (setq eat (car shift-xor)))
 	  (setq val (logxor val (cdr shift-xor)))
-	  (setq sum (+ (lsh sum (car shift-xor)) val))
+	  (setq sum (+ (ash sum (car shift-xor)) val))
 	  (when (> eat 0) (setq eat (- eat 1)))
 	  (cond
 	   ((= 0 eat)			;multi byte
@@ -12792,8 +12794,7 @@ This function is run automatically after each state change to a DONE state."
 		    (while (re-search-forward org-clock-line-re end t)
 		      (when (org-at-clock-log-p) (throw :clock t))))))
 	(org-entry-put nil "LAST_REPEAT" (format-time-string
-					  (org-time-stamp-format t t)
-					  (current-time))))
+					  (org-time-stamp-format t t))))
       (when org-log-repeat
 	(if (or (memq 'org-add-log-note (default-value 'post-command-hook))
 		(memq 'org-add-log-note post-command-hook))
@@ -12848,7 +12849,7 @@ This function is run automatically after each state change to a DONE state."
 		      (let ((nshiftmax 10)
 			    (nshift 0))
 			(while (or (= nshift 0)
-				   (not (time-less-p (current-time) time)))
+				   (not (time-less-p nil time)))
 			  (when (= nshiftmax (cl-incf nshift))
 			    (or (y-or-n-p
 				 (format "%d repeater intervals were not \
@@ -16567,7 +16568,7 @@ user."
 					;      (when (and org-read-date-prefer-future
 					;		 (not iso-year)
 					;		 (< (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian iso-date)
-					;		    (time-to-days (current-time))))
+					;		    (time-to-days nil)))
 					;	(setq year (1+ year)
 					;	      iso-date (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
 					;			(calendar-iso-to-absolute
@@ -17055,7 +17056,7 @@ signaled."
 YEAR is expanded into one of the 30 next years, if possible, or
 into a past one.  Any year larger than 99 is returned unchanged."
   (if (>= year 100) year
-    (let* ((current (string-to-number (format-time-string "%Y" (current-time))))
+    (let* ((current (string-to-number (format-time-string "%Y")))
 	   (century (/ current 100))
 	   (offset (- year (% current 100))))
       (cond ((> offset 30) (+ (* (1- century) 100) year))
@@ -17552,7 +17553,7 @@ A prefix ARG can be used to force the current date."
 	diff)
     (when (or (org-at-timestamp-p 'lax)
 	      (org-match-line (concat ".*" org-ts-regexp)))
-      (let ((d1 (time-to-days (current-time)))
+      (let ((d1 (time-to-days nil))
 	    (d2 (time-to-days (org-time-string-to-time (match-string 1)))))
 	(setq diff (- d2 d1))))
     (calendar)
@@ -18730,6 +18731,9 @@ INCLUDE-LINKED is passed to `org-display-inline-images'."
     (org-toggle-inline-images)
     (org-toggle-inline-images)))
 
+;; For without-x builds.
+(declare-function image-refresh "image" (spec &optional frame))
+
 (defun org-display-inline-images (&optional include-linked refresh beg end)
   "Display inline images.
 
diff --git a/lisp/ox-html.el b/lisp/ox-html.el
index 7c056e8..bea03e4 100644
--- a/lisp/ox-html.el
+++ b/lisp/ox-html.el
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ property on the headline itself.")
 @licstart  The following is the entire license notice for the
 JavaScript code in this tag.
 
-Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2012-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 The JavaScript code in this tag is free software: you can
 redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ means to use the maximum value consistent with other options."
  * @licstart  The following is the entire license notice for the
  *  JavaScript code in %SCRIPT_PATH.
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2012-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  *
  *
  * The JavaScript code in this tag is free software: you can
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ means to use the maximum value consistent with other options."
 @licstart  The following is the entire license notice for the
 JavaScript code in this tag.
 
-Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2012-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 The JavaScript code in this tag is free software: you can
 redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
@@ -1953,7 +1953,8 @@ INFO is a plist used as a communication channel."
       (?c . ,(plist-get info :creator))
       (?C . ,(let ((file (plist-get info :input-file)))
 	       (format-time-string timestamp-format
-				   (and file (nth 5 (file-attributes file))))))
+				   (and file (file-attribute-modification-time
+					      (file-attributes file))))))
       (?v . ,(or (plist-get info :html-validation-link) "")))))
 
 (defun org-html--build-pre/postamble (type info)
diff --git a/lisp/ox-odt.el b/lisp/ox-odt.el
index f52b590..c14ee0b 100644
--- a/lisp/ox-odt.el
+++ b/lisp/ox-odt.el
@@ -2194,6 +2194,10 @@ SHORT-CAPTION are strings."
     (org-odt-create-manifest-file-entry media-type target-file)
     target-file))
 
+;; For --without-x builds.
+(declare-function clear-image-cache "image.c" (&optional filter))
+(declare-function image-size "image.c" (spec &optional pixels frame))
+
 (defun org-odt--image-size
   (file info &optional user-width user-height scale dpi embed-as)
   (let* ((--pixels-to-cms
diff --git a/lisp/ox-publish.el b/lisp/ox-publish.el
index 1ef9031..d9fc8d2 100644
--- a/lisp/ox-publish.el
+++ b/lisp/ox-publish.el
@@ -794,8 +794,8 @@ Default for SITEMAP-FILENAME is `sitemap.org'."
 		((or `anti-chronologically `chronologically)
 		 (let* ((adate (org-publish-find-date a project))
 			(bdate (org-publish-find-date b project))
-			(A (+ (lsh (car adate) 16) (cadr adate)))
-			(B (+ (lsh (car bdate) 16) (cadr bdate))))
+			(A (+ (ash (car adate) 16) (cadr adate)))
+			(B (+ (ash (car bdate) 16) (cadr bdate))))
 		   (setq retval
 			 (if (eq sort-files 'chronologically)
 			     (<= A B)
@@ -881,7 +881,8 @@ time in `current-time' format."
     (or (org-publish-cache-get-file-property file :date nil t)
 	(org-publish-cache-set-file-property
 	 file :date
-	 (if (file-directory-p file) (nth 5 (file-attributes file))
+	 (if (file-directory-p file)
+	     (file-attribute-modification-time (file-attributes file))
 	   (let ((date (org-publish-find-property file :date project)))
 	     ;; DATE is a secondary string.  If it contains
 	     ;; a time-stamp, convert it to internal format.
@@ -891,7 +892,8 @@ time in `current-time' format."
 			   (let ((value (org-element-interpret-data ts)))
 			     (and (org-string-nw-p value)
 				  (org-time-string-to-time value))))))
-		   ((file-exists-p file) (nth 5 (file-attributes file)))
+		   ((file-exists-p file)
+		    (file-attribute-modification-time (file-attributes file)))
 		   (t (error "No such file: \"%s\"" file)))))))))
 
 (defun org-publish-sitemap-default-entry (entry style project)
@@ -1364,8 +1366,7 @@ does not exist."
 	       (expand-file-name (or (file-symlink-p file) file)
 				 (file-name-directory file)))))
     (if (not attr) (error "No such file: \"%s\"" file)
-      (+ (lsh (car (nth 5 attr)) 16)
-	 (cadr (nth 5 attr))))))
+      (floor (float-time (file-attribute-modification-time attr))))))
 
 
 (provide 'ox-publish)
diff --git a/lisp/ox.el b/lisp/ox.el
index 9706cb8..6a0e480 100644
--- a/lisp/ox.el
+++ b/lisp/ox.el
@@ -3230,7 +3230,7 @@ locally for the subtree through node properties."
       (let ((val (cond ((equal (car key) "DATE")
 			(or (cdr key)
 			    (with-temp-buffer
-			      (org-insert-time-stamp (current-time)))))
+			      (org-insert-time-stamp nil))))
 		       ((equal (car key) "TITLE")
 			(or (let ((visited-file
 				   (buffer-file-name (buffer-base-buffer))))